南宁市高校教师职业倦怠现况及其影响因素分析

目的了解南宁市高校教师职业倦怠状况及其影响因素,探讨高校教师职业倦怠与领悟社会支持、应对方式和生活事件的相关性,为缓解和克服教师职业倦怠、有针对性地制定提高教师生存质量的干预措施提供科学依据。方法2019年3~6月通过便利抽样方法,采用一般情况调查问卷、职业倦怠量表(Maslach Burnout inventoryeducators survey,MBI-ES)、领悟社会支持量表(perceived social support scale,PSSS)、特质应对方式量表(trait coping style questionnaire,TCSQ)及生活事件量表(life event scale,LES),对南宁市214名高校教师进行职业倦怠调查。结果不同教龄(F=3.556,P<0.05)、学历(F=4.888,P<0.01)、体育锻炼(F=3.853,P<0.05)、婚姻状况(t=-2.379,P<0.05)的高校教师职业倦怠水平不同,差异均有统计学意义。高校教师领悟社会支持、特质应对方式、生活事件与职业倦怠各维度大部分相关显著(P<0.05)。其他支持、积极应对、体育锻炼程度为职业倦怠的保护因素,消极应对为危险因素。结论其他支持、积极应对、体育锻炼可以有效防控职业倦怠。     

2015—2018年某地上岗前职业健康检查职业禁忌证检出情况分析

采用描述性流行病研究方法，对2015—2018年某地上岗前职业禁忌证的构成和职业病危害因素分布进行统计学分析。结果显示，噪声、苯及苯系物作业和各类特殊工种的上岗前职业禁忌证检出率较高；双耳高频平均听阈N40dBHL而被列为噪声作业上岗前职业禁忌证者占56.98%。提示《职业健康监护技术规范》(GBZ188—2014)仍需完善，以最大限度地保证劳动者的职业健康。     

Association of psychosocial adversity and social information processing in children raised in a low-resource setting: an fNIRS study

Social cognition skills and socioemotional development are compromised in children growing up in low SES contexts, however, the mechanisms underlying this association remain unknown. Exposure to psychosocial risk factors early in life alters the child’s social milieu and in turn, could lead to atypical processing of social stimuli. In this study, we used functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) to measure cortical responses to a social discrimination task in children raised in a low-resource setting at 6, 24, and 36 months. In addition, we assessed the relation between cortical responses to social and non-social information with psychosocial risk factors assessed using the Childhood Psychosocial Adversity Scale (CPAS). In line with previous findings, we observed specialization to social stimuli in cortical regions in all age groups. In addition, we found that risk factors were associated with social discrimination at 24 months (intimate partner violence and verbal abuse and family conflict) and 36 months (verbal abuse and family conflict and maternal depression) but not at 6 months. Overall, the results show that exposure to psychosocial adversity has more impact on social information processing in toddlerhood than earlier in infancy     

Experiences of radiographers working alone in remote locations: A Far North Queensland non-participant observational study

IntroductionRadiographers employed in remote locations such as Far North Queensland (FNQ) can face unique sets of challenges as they often perform radiographic and sonographic diagnostic imaging without onsite radiologists' services. Additionally, the majority of patients presenting to these sites are Indigenous for whom English may be their third language. This non-participant observational study observed two FNQ radiographers' interactions with patients and interprofessional staff, and the radiographers' ability to fit into the Indigenous community during routine radiographic and sonographic examinations which to date have received little attention.MethodsNon-participant observations and semi-structured interviews with radiographers were held at two FNQ hospitals. Consecutive radiographer–patient interactions were observed and recorded on checklists. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed for thematic analysis.ResultsAcross both remote sites, 24 patients were observed as they underwent diagnostic imaging examinations, with the majority being Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islanders (n = 17/24 (70.8%). In total, eleven general radiography and sixteen ultrasound examinations were observed. Semi-structured interviews highlighted complex issues such as the need for radiographer communication in local dialect, ongoing interprofessional collaborations, overcoming the lack of radiologists' onsite support by providing radiographic reports directly to referring doctors and midwives, and isolation with regard to professional development opportunities.ConclusionsRadiographers working in remote hospitals need to be culturally competent, navigate local indigenous languages and possess excellent interprofessional skills as well as thorough knowledge of imaging pathology to convey findings to referring doctors and allied health professionals. These findings have implications for the entry to practice curriculum.Implications for practiceThis study provides evidence that culturally competent radiographers are capable of undertaking reporting roles to facilitate patient management in the absence of timely radiologists' reports at remote sites.     

Evaluación del impacto de un plan multisectorial de promoción de la salud y el bienestar social en Andalucía

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of the Plan for the promotion of personal autonomy and prevention of disability in Andalusia (2016-2020) in 13 public administrations during the first year of its implementation; and to analyse the usability and feasibility of the impact assessment ladder used.MethodThe Plan addresses the promotion of personal autonomy and the prevention of disabilities and dependencies through a multisectoral approach. It is structured in strands or lines of work, objectives and actions that have been assessed through the Adoption Impact Ladder (AIL). The analysis of the face validity, feasibility and inter-rater reliability of the impact assessment ladder was carried out in 30 actions of the Plan that were rated by 20 experts from the 13 ministries and public agencies involved in the Plan, and an external rater.Results176 actions and programmes were launched in 2017. Of these, 67.2% were implemented during the first year. Only one of the 16 objectives had no action initiated during the first year. Moreover, 7 out of 15 objectives implemented were fully multisectoral involving more than three Regional Ministries. The face validity, feasibility and inter-rater reliability of the AIL were good (κ: 0.72).ConclusionsThis Plan has provided a novel framework to coordinate a broad range of proposed policies and actions within the public administration of Andalusia. For the first time, a multisectoral impact analysis has been conducted providing an effective guide for monitoring, planning and setting public priorities in health, social services, ageing and disabilities.     

Application of social ecological model to Taiwanese end-of-life communication and healthcare planning

BackgroundCultural and social backgrounds shape how people regard health, illness and death, and also play a significant role in end-of-life (EOL) decision-making in the face of uncertainty and distress. EOL communication and planning can be complex in a society where families play an important role in decision-making for EOL care in Taiwan.AimThis study aimed to identify the significance of cultural, community, interpersonal and individual determinants of EOL communication and healthcare planning.MethodsA social ecological model was applied to underpin the study. A random sample of 2000 adults aged 20 years or above was selected from the electoral roll in a metropolitan area in southern Taiwan. Adults were told that if they did not wish to participate in the study, they could either return a non-participation form or not complete the questionnaires. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used to determine the significance of different societal levels of factors on EOL communication and healthcare planning.FindingsFour hundred and seventy-four valid questionnaires were returned. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that the models of modified Measures of Public Preferences (p < .0001) were significant, with 22.7% of variance in facilitation, 81.9% of variance in content and 22.9% of variance in support being explained by variables at cultural, community, interpersonal and intrapersonal levels. The model of Advance Directives Attitude Survey (p < .0001) was significant with 25.6% of variance being explained by variables at cultural, community, interpersonal and intrapersonal levels.DiscussionThis study offers empirical evidence embedded within a social ecological perspective of the significance of cultural, social and contextual factors on individuals’ preferences for EOL communication and healthcare planning.ConclusionSuch information is important to enable health professionals to prepare individuals and their families for dealing with challenges related to EOL communication and healthcare.     

新型冠状病毒肺炎中医诊疗方案用药规律数据挖掘＊

目的 基于中医传承辅助平台（V2.5），挖掘国家及省级卫生主管部门所公布的NCP中医诊疗方案的用药规律及新方挖掘。方法 收集国家及省级卫生主管部门公布的新型冠状病毒肺炎（Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia，NCP）中医诊疗方案，提取方案中四诊信息及处方用药信息，共收集到处方76首，录入中医传承辅助平台软件，建立数据库，采用软件集成的关联规则、复杂系统熵聚类核心组合分析及无监督的熵层次聚类新方分析等方法，分析NCP中医诊疗用药规律。结果 对入选的76首处方进行分析，得出本病治疗药物寒温并用，辛甘苦味为主，药物归经主要是肺、胃、脾经，常用药物有杏仁、甘草、生石膏、黄芩、麻黄、连翘、茯苓、苍术、大黄、法半夏等，并得到新处方7首。结论 NCP治疗以辛温解表、清热解毒、化湿健脾、清肺平喘为主。     

Consequences of physical distancing emanating from the COVID-19 pandemic: An Australian perspective

The sobering reality of the COVID-19 pandemic is that it has brought people together at home at a time when we want them apart in the community. This will bring both benefits and challenges. It will affect people differently based upon their age, health status, resilience, family support structures, and socio-economic background. This article will assess the impact in high income countries like Australia, where the initial wave of infection placed the elderly at the greatest risk of death whilst the protective measures of physical distancing, self-isolation, increased awareness of hygiene practices, and school closures with distance learning has had considerable impact on children and families acutely and may have ramifications for years to come.     

罕见病患者社会支持与生命质量的关系研究

目的:利用2016年中国罕见病群体生存状况调查数据,通过分析罕见病患者生命质量各维度现状及其与社会支持的关系,为完善罕见病患者社会保障政策提供参考。方法:评价工具采用WHOQOL-BREF量表,运用滚雪球抽样调查方法,通过网络和电话调查方式收集数据,采用t检验分析与中国常模数据进行比较,并使用线性回归模型考察非正式、正式社会支持与罕见病患者生命质量的关系。结果:罕见病患者生命质量的各维度得分(生理、心理、社会、环境领域)均显著低于中国常模正常组和疾病组的生命质量评价得分,说明罕见病对居民的生命质量负面影响显著。非正式和正式社会支持与罕见病患者生命质量相关,非正式社会支持水平越高,患者各领域的生命质量越好;曾接受过社会帮扶的患者,心理领域和社会领域的生活质量水平高于未曾接受的患者。结论:改善患者的社会支持水平,完善罕见病的社会保障政策,对提高患者的生命福祉有一定的意义。